Under General Chiang Kai-shek, China was still bitterly divided after years of competitive warlord rule following an unsuccessful Republican revolution which had overthrown the Imperial government of China, which itself had been in place for nearly two millennia. Sharing similar qualities, both movements failed to reach their established goals, instead revealing inherent truths about the Chinese nation and her people. Both movements were attempts by entrenched leadership to fight off emerging ideological challenges to the status quo in China at the time. On the other hand, the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) lasted for roughly a decade and had far reaching negative consequences for the Chinese people and the leaders who brought forth the revolution. The New Life Movement (1934-?) was fairly limited in scope, as was the power of Chiang’s government.
General Chiang Kai-shek’s New Life Movement and Chairman Mao Zedong’s Cultural Revolution (known officially as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution) both attempted to unite the Chinese people under the banner of one, centralized ideology. In the 20 th century, China experienced two major attempts by the national government to change the cultural landscape of the nation.
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